Some children who develop allergic diseases follow the “atopic march,” a pathway in which genetically predisposed children develop immune dysregulation leading to allergic sensitization (the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies), which may lead to increased risk of allergic diseases including asthma and eczema during early-childhood. Little is known regarding which life stages are most susceptible to these exposures. Thus, identifying modifiable risk factors for asthma and allergic disease has tremendous potential to reduce the burden of these diseases and improve the quality of life for children. Moreover, the total medical costs associated with asthma increased from $39.3 billion to $67.5 billion between 20. In 2015, the prevalence of asthma among children aged 5–14 years in the USA was 9.7%. Among environmental compounds, triclosan and parabens are of concern in the development of asthma and eczema given their ubiquitous nature, known antimicrobial activity, and potential immunotoxic properties.Ĭhildhood asthma and other allergic diseases pose significant burdens on children’s health.
A number of early-life environmental exposures have been identified as risk factors for the development of asthma and eczema in children, including environmental tobacco smoke, aeroallergens, air pollution, microbial diversity, and environmental compounds. Environmental exposures during the prenatal period and early-childhood may lead to alterations in the maturation of the immune system, impacting its developmental in the growing fetus, infant, and child.
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